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  2. Standard normal table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table

    The values within the table are the probabilities corresponding to the table type. These probabilities are calculations of the area under the normal curve from the starting point (0 for cumulative from mean , negative infinity for cumulative and positive infinity for complementary cumulative ) to Z .

  3. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    Such variables may be better described by other distributions, such as the log-normal distribution or the Pareto distribution. The value of the normal density is practically zero when the value ⁠ ⁠ lies more than a few standard deviations away from the mean (e.g., a spread of three standard deviations covers all but 0.27% of the total ...

  4. 68–95–99.7 rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68–95–99.7_rule

    In statistics, the 68–95–99.7 rule, also known as the empirical rule, and sometimes abbreviated 3sr or 3 σ, is a shorthand used to remember the percentage of values that lie within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values lie within one, two, and three standard deviations of the mean ...

  5. Gaussian function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_function

    This integral is 1 if and only if = (the normalizing constant), and in this case the Gaussian is the probability density function of a normally distributed random variable with expected value μ = b and variance σ 2 = c 2: = ⁡ (()).

  6. Q-function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-function

    [1] [2] In other words, () is the probability that a normal (Gaussian) random variable will obtain a value larger than standard deviations. Equivalently, Q ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)} is the probability that a standard normal random variable takes a value larger than x {\displaystyle x} .

  7. Matrix normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_normal_distribution

    The probability density function for the random matrix X (n × p) that follows the matrix normal distribution , (,,) has the form: (,,) = ⁡ ([() ()]) / | | / | | /where denotes trace and M is n × p, U is n × n and V is p × p, and the density is understood as the probability density function with respect to the standard Lebesgue measure in , i.e.: the measure corresponding to integration ...

  8. Gaussian q-distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_q-distribution

    In mathematical physics and probability and statistics, the Gaussian q-distribution is a family of probability distributions that includes, as limiting cases, the uniform distribution and the normal (Gaussian) distribution. It was introduced by Diaz and Teruel. [clarification needed] It is a q-analog of the Gaussian or normal distribution.

  9. Log-normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-normal_distribution

    A probability distribution is not uniquely determined by the moments E[X n] = e nμ + ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ n 2 σ 2 for n ≥ 1. That is, there exist other distributions with the same set of moments. [ 4 ] In fact, there is a whole family of distributions with the same moments as the log-normal distribution.