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The Intel MCS-51 (commonly termed 8051) is a single-chip microcontroller (MCU) series developed by Intel in 1980 for use in embedded systems. The architect of the Intel MCS-51 instruction set was John H. Wharton .
Many 8-bit microcontrollers that are still popular as of 2014, such as the PICmicro and 8051, are accumulator-based machines. Modern CPUs are typically 2-operand or 3-operand machines. The additional operands specify which one of many general-purpose registers (also called "general-purpose accumulators" [ 1 ] ) are used as the source and ...
A status register, flag register, or condition code register (CCR) is a collection of status flag bits for a processor.Examples of such registers include FLAGS register in the x86 architecture, flags in the program status word (PSW) register in the IBM System/360 architecture through z/Architecture, and the application program status register (APSR) in the ARM Cortex-A architecture.
Because special registers are closely tied to some special function or status of the microcontroller, they might not be directly writeable by normal instructions (such as adds, moves, etc.). Instead, some special registers in some microcontroller architectures require special instructions to modify them.
The logical index (IX) option causes the 16-bit Link register to be logical ORed into the branch address, thus providing a simple indexed branch capability. All the arithmetic/logical instructions allow the jump (J) modifier, which redirects execution to the microinstruction addressed by the Link register.
The PA-RISC and PICmicro architectures use the carry bit convention, but call their a+not(b)+C operation "subtract with borrow" (SUBB and SUBWFB). The ST6 8-bit microcontrollers are perhaps the most confusing of all. Although they do not have any sort of "subtract with carry" instruction, they do have a carry bit which is set by a subtract ...
The types of operations may include arithmetic, data copying, logical operations, and program control, as well as special instructions (e.g., CPUID). [10] In addition to the opcode, many instructions also specify the data (known as operands) the operation will act upon, although some instructions may have implicit operands or none at all. [10]
Therefore, the value read from the register file and passed to the ALU (in the Execute stage of the AND operation, red box) is incorrect. Instead, we must pass the data that was computed by SUB back to the Execute stage (i.e. to the red circle in the diagram) of the AND operation before it is normally written-back. The solution to this problem ...
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