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Bobby Fischer was born at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943. [2] His mother, Regina Wender Fischer, was a US citizen, [3] [4] born in Switzerland; her parents were Polish Jews. [5] [6] Raised in St. Louis, Missouri, [2] Regina became a teacher, a registered nurse, and later a physician. [7]
A major controversy occurred when Bobby Fischer, who was leading the tournament with seven wins and three draws in ten rounds, abandoned the event over a dispute with the organisers. Because Fischer withdrew before he had played half his games, the results of his games were not included in his opponents' totals.
Champion Bobby Fischer (United States) was to play Anatoly Karpov (Soviet Union) in Manila, commencing June 1, 1975. Fischer refused to play the then-standard "Best of 24 games" match and, after FIDE was unable to work out a compromise, forfeited his title instead. Karpov was named World Champion by default on April 3, 1975.
When Fischer declined, Spassky, as losing semifinalist of the previous tournament, was offered the spot. The two seeded players were joined by the top three from each of the two interzonals. Viktor Korchnoi, formerly a representative of the USSR, was stateless at the time and played under the FIDE flag during this cycle.
Fischer's crushing victory made him an instant celebrity. Upon his return to New York, [200] a Bobby Fischer Day was held. [201] He was offered numerous product endorsement offers worth millions of dollars, all of which he declined. [202] He appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated with American Olympic swimming champion Mark Spitz. [203]
The 1992 Fischer–Spassky match was a chess match between former world chess champions Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky. It was billed as a World Chess Championship , though it was an unofficial rematch of their 1972 World Championship match.
Top finishers in the championship were Bobby Fischer with 9/11, William Lombardy with 7, Raymond Weinstein with 6½, and Arthur Bisguier, Samuel Reshevsky, and James Sherwin with 6. Zone 5 was allotted three players, but the lack of true chess professionals in America aside from Fischer greatly affected the players the U.S. sent to the Interzonal.
After the controversy surrounding the previous Candidates tournament, the 1965 tournament was the first to be played as a knock-out series of matches. Two players were seeded directly into the tournament: Mikhail Botvinnik (loser of the last championship match) and Paul Keres (2nd place in the 1962 Candidates ).