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Caracalla then called off the war against the Caledonians and headed back to Rome to consolidate his power. Although forts erected by the Roman army of the Severan campaign were placed near those established by Agricola and were clustered at the mouths of the glens in the Highlands, the Caledonians were again in revolt in 210–211 and these ...
The name of the Caledonians may be found in toponymy, such as Dùn Chailleann, the Scottish Gaelic name of the town of Dunkeld, meaning 'fort of the Caledonii', and possibly in that of the mountain Sìdh Chailleann, the 'fairy hill of the Caledonians'.
Nonetheless the Caledonians did retake their territory and pushed the Romans back to Hadrian's Wall. In any event, there is no further historical mention of the Caledonians for a century save for a c. AD 230 inscription from Colchester which records a dedication by a man calling himself the nephew (or grandson) of "Uepogenus, [a] Caledonian". [18]
The Caledonians were cut down and trampled on the lower slopes of the hill. Those at the top attempted an outflanking movement but were themselves outflanked by Roman cavalry. The Caledonians were then comprehensively routed and fled for the shelter of nearby woodland, but were relentlessly pursued by well-organised Roman units.
The House of Dunkeld (in Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann, lit. 'Fort of the Caledonii' or "of the Caledonians") is a historiographical and genealogical construct to illustrate the clear succession of Scottish kings from 1034 to 1040 and from 1058 to 1286.
The name comes from the Gaelic Sìth Chailleann, meaning "fairy hill of the Caledonians"; [3] compare nearby Dunkeld (Gaelic Dùn Chailleann), whose name means "fort of the Caledonians". [4] A Lowland name for the mountain, recorded in the 18th century, was "Maiden Pap ".
19th-century print depicting Calgacus delivering his speech to the Caledonians. According to Tacitus, Calgacus (sometimes Calgacos or Galgacus) was a chieftain of the Caledonian Confederacy who fought the Roman army of Gnaeus Julius Agricola at the Battle of Mons Graupius in northern Scotland in AD 83 or 84.
Roman roads and settlements 84 AD Plan showing annexes and "Great Camp" First fort defences Plan; red lines show early defences. Trimontium was a Roman fort complex [1] located at Newstead, near Melrose, in the Scottish Borders, in view of the three Eildon Hills which probably gave its name (Latin: trium montium, three hills).