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  2. Radiator (heating) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator_(heating)

    A radiator is a device that transfers heat to a medium primarily through thermal radiation.In practice, the term radiator is often applied to any number of devices in which a fluid circulates through exposed pipes (often with fins or other means of increasing surface area), notwithstanding that such devices tend to transfer heat mainly by convection and might logically be called convectors.

  3. Central heating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_heating

    Steam entering the radiator condenses and gives up its latent heat, returning to liquid water. The radiator in turn heats the air of the room, and provides some direct radiant heat. The condensate water returns to the boiler either by gravity or with the assistance of a pump.

  4. Immersion cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_cooling

    Heat is removed in a two-phase system, where the liquid boils when it comes in contact with hot components due to its low boiling point. [33] The system takes advantage of a concept known as " latent heat " which is the heat (thermal energy) required to change the phase of a fluid, this occurs when the two-phase coolant comes in contact with ...

  5. Internal combustion engine cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine...

    Automobile radiators (or heat exchangers) have an outlet that feeds cooled water to the engine and the engine has an outlet that feeds heated water to the top of the radiator. Water circulation is aided by a rotary pump that has only a slight effect, having to work over such a wide range of speeds that its impeller has only a minimal effect as ...

  6. Electric heating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_heating

    Industrial water heaters may reach 2000 kilowatts. Where off-peak electric power rates are available, hot water may be stored to use when required. Electric shower and tankless heaters also use an immersion heater (shielded or naked) that is turned on with the flow of water. A group of separate heaters can be switched to offer different heating ...

  7. Radiator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator

    The Roman hypocaust is an early example of a type of radiator for building space heating. Franz San Galli, a Prussian-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg, is credited with inventing the heating radiator around 1855, [1] [2] having received a radiator patent in 1857, [3] but American Joseph Nason and Scot Rory Gregor developed a primitive radiator in 1841 [4] and received a number ...

  8. Antifreeze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze

    However, all common antifreeze additives also have lower heat capacities than water, and do reduce water's ability to act as a coolant when added to it. [2] Because water has good properties as a coolant, water plus antifreeze is used in internal combustion engines and other heat transfer applications, such as HVAC chillers and solar water heaters.

  9. Distilled water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distilled_water

    The pH of distilled water is always slightly lower than 7 (neutral) due to the fact that distilled water will absorb small amounts of carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere which forms traces of carbonic acid and lowers the pH of distilled water to around 5.8 pH (very weakly acidic). [13]