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Caroline Lucretia Herschel [1] (/ ˈ h ɜːr ʃ əl, ˈ h ɛər ʃ əl / HUR-shəl, HAIR-shəl, [2] German: [kaʁoˈliːnə ˈhɛʁʃl̩]; 16 March 1750 – 9 January 1848) was a German astronomer, [3] whose most significant contributions to astronomy were the discoveries of several comets, including the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet, which bears her name. [4]
The most successful visual comet discoverer of all time was Jean-Louis Pons, who claimed to have discovered thirty-seven; the second most prolific was William Robert Brooks. The first woman known to have discovered comets was Caroline Herschel. The first telescopic discovery of a comet was made by Gottfried Kirch in 1680.
35P/Herschel–Rigollet is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 155 years and an orbital inclination of 64 degrees. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years). [1] It was discovered by Caroline Herschel (Slough, United Kingdom) on 21 December 1788.
The comet was particularly known at the time for exhibiting two tails, one pointing away from the Sun and the other (termed an "anomalous tail" by Karl Harding and Heinrich Olbers) [3] pointing towards it. Caroline Herschel recorded an observation of the comet on January 31, 1824 as the last entry in her observing book. [4]
It was next observed by Caroline Herschel in 1795 [4] and was "discovered" for a third time by Jean-Louis Pons in 1818. [5] Its orbit was calculated by Johann Franz Encke , who through laborious calculations was able to link observations of comets in 1786 (designated 2P/1786 B1), 1795 (2P/1795 V1), 1805 (2P/1805 U1) and 1818 (2P/1818 W1) to the ...
Uranus, discovered by Herschel in 1781. In March 1781, during his search for double stars, Herschel noticed an object appearing as a disk. Herschel originally thought it was a comet or a stellar disc, which he believed he might actually resolve. [40] He reported the sighting to Nevil Maskelyne the Astronomer Royal. [41]
The galaxy was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783 during one of her systematic comet searches. [4] [5] About half a century later, John Herschel observed it using his 18-inch metallic mirror reflector at the Cape of Good Hope. [5] He wrote: "very bright and large (24′ in length); a superb object....
NGC 7789 (also known as Caroline's Rose, [4] Caroline's Haystack, [5] or the White Rose Cluster) is an open cluster in Cassiopeia that was discovered by Caroline Herschel in 1783. Her brother William Herschel included it in his catalog as H VI.30. This cluster is also known as the "White Rose" Cluster or "Caroline's Rose" Cluster because when ...