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  2. Bureaucracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy

    Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]

  3. Budget-maximizing model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budget-maximizing_model

    The budget-maximizing model is a stream of public choice theory and rational choice analysis in public administration inaugurated by William Niskanen.Niskanen first presented the idea in 1968, [1] and later developed it into a book published in 1971. [2]

  4. Centralisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralisation

    The benefits include: Responsibilities and duties are well defined within the central governing body. Decision-making is very direct and clear. [4] The central power maintains a large "encompassing interest" in the welfare of the state it rules since it stands to benefit from any increase in the state's wealth and/or power. [5]

  5. Organizational theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_theory

    Bureaucratic officials are expected to contribute their full working capacity to the organization. Positions within a bureaucratic organization must follow a specific set of general rules. Weber argued that in a bureaucracy, taking on a position or office signifies an assumption of specific duties necessary for the smooth running of the ...

  6. Rational-legal authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational-legal_authority

    Rational-legal authority is built on a structure of bureaucracy. In a rational-legal authority one ascends in their career paths through promotion and they eventually retire. Some of the benefits of rational-legal authority are transportation, large-scale industry, mass communication and an income economy.

  7. New Public Management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Public_Management

    The term new public management (NPM) expresses the idea that the cumulative flow of policy decisions over the past twenty years has amounted to a substantial shift in the governance and management of the "state sector" in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, Scandinavia, North America, and Latin America. [8]

  8. Organizational structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_structure

    Bureaucratic structures have many levels of management ranging from senior executives to regional managers, all the way to department store managers. Since there are many levels, decision-making authority has to pass through more layers than flatter organizations. A bureaucratic organization has rigid and tight procedures, policies and constraints.

  9. Bureau-shaping model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau-shaping_model

    Bureau-shaping is a rational choice model of bureaucracy and a response to the budget-maximization model.It argues that rational officials will not want to maximize their budgets, but instead to shape their agency so as to maximize their personal utilities from their work.