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A natural is used to cancel the effect of a flat or sharp. This system of accidentals operates in conjunction with the key signature, whose effect continues throughout an entire piece, or until another key signature is indicated. An accidental can also be used to cancel a previous accidental or reinstate the flats or sharps of the key signature.
These contain either flats or sharps, but not both, and the different key signatures add flats or sharps according to the order shown in the circle of fifths. Each major and minor key has an associated key signature, showing up to seven flats or seven sharps, that indicates the notes used in its scale.
A key signature with no sharps or flats generally indicates A minor or C major, using all natural notes with no sharps or flats. The natural sign is derived from a square b used to denote B ♮ in medieval music (in contrast with the round b denoting B ♭, which became the flat symbol).
The order of sharps in key signature notation is F ♯, C ♯, G ♯, D ♯, A ♯, E ♯, B ♯. Starting with no sharps or flats (C major), adding the first sharp (F ♯) indicates G major, adding the next (C ♯) indicates D major, and so on through the circle of fifths.
When a flat sign is placed before a note, the pitch of the note is lowered by one semitone. Similarly, a sharp sign raises the pitch by one semitone. For example, a sharp on the note D would raise it to D♯ while a flat would lower it to D♭. Double sharps and double flats are less common, but they are used. A double sharp is placed before a ...
When a musical key or key signature is referred to in a language other than English, that language may use the usual notation used in English (namely the letters A to G, along with translations of the words sharp, flat, major and minor in that language): languages which use the English system include Irish, Welsh, Hindi, Japanese (based on katakana in iroha order), Korean (based on hangul in ...
Starting with no sharps or flats (C major), adding the first flat (B ♭) indicates F major; adding the next (E ♭) indicates B ♭ major, and so on, backwards through the circle of fifths. Some keys (such as C ♭ major with seven flats) may be written as an enharmonically equivalent key (B major with five sharps in this case). In rare cases ...
A musical passage notated as flats. The same passage notated as sharps, requiring fewer canceling natural signs. Sets of notes that involve pitch relationships — scales, key signatures, or intervals, [1] for example — can also be referred to as enharmonic (e.g., the keys of C ♯ major and D ♭ major contain identical pitches and are therefore enharmonic).