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  2. Pascendi Dominici gregis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascendi_Dominici_gregis

    Pius X viewed the church as under siege, intellectually from rationalism and materialism, politically from liberalism and anti-clericalism.The pope condemned modernism, a loose movement of Catholic biblical scholars, philosophers and theologians who believed that the church could not ignore new scientific historical research concerning the Bible. [2]

  3. Oath Against Modernism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_Against_Modernism

    The Oath Against Modernism was instituted by Pope Pius X in his motu proprio Sacrorum antistitum on September 1, 1910. The oath was required of "all clergy , pastors , confessors , preachers , religious superiors , and professors in philosophical-theological seminaries " [ 1 ] of the Catholic Church .

  4. Modernism in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernism_in_the_Catholic...

    After the pontificate of Pius X, there was a gradual abatement of attacks against modernists. The new Pope Benedict XV, who was elected to succeed Pius X in 1914, once again condemned modernism in his encyclical Ad beatissimi Apostolorum, but also urged Catholics to cease condemning fellow believers. [92]

  5. Vehementer Nos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehementer_Nos

    The pope and most French Catholics considered the law as undermining the independent authority of the Church. [5] Pius viewed it as related to Modernist theories popular in France, and a concerted attack upon the Church. In Italy, Modernism was more political than doctrinal. [4]

  6. Pope Pius X - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_X

    Pope Pius X (Italian: Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; [a] 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine , and for promoting liturgical reforms and Thomist scholastic theology.

  7. Integralism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integralism

    Encouraged by Pope Pius X, they sought out and exposed any co-religionist whom they suspected of modernism or liberalism. An important integralist organization was the Sodalitium Pianum , known in France as La Sapinière (fir plantation), which was founded in 1909 by Umberto Benigni .

  8. Catholic Church in the 20th century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_20...

    In the 1937 encyclical Mit brennender Sorge, drafted by the future Pope Pius XII, [31] Pope Pius XI warned Catholics that antisemitism is incompatible with Christianity. [32] Read from the pulpits of all German Catholic churches, it described Hitler as an insane and arrogant prophet and was the first official denunciation of Nazism made by any ...

  9. George Tyrrell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Tyrrell

    His attempts to adapt Catholic theology to modern culture and science made him a key figure in the controversy over modernism in the Catholic Church that flared up in the late 19th-century. During the anti-modernist crusade led by Pope Pius X, Tyrrell was expelled from the Jesuit Order in 1906 and excommunicated in 1908.