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Control is checking current performance against pre-determined standards contained in the plans, with a view to ensuring adequate progress and satisfactory performance. According to Harold Koontz: Controlling is the measurement and correction of performance to make sure that enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain them are ...
Controlling; The control function, from the French contrôler, is used in the sense that a manager must receive feedback about a process in order to make necessary adjustments and must analyze the deviations. Lately scholars of management combined the directing and coordinating function into one leading function.
Rather than organizing a firm into functional specialties (like production, accounting, marketing, etc.) and considering the tasks that each function performs; complete processes from materials acquisition, to production, to marketing and distribution should be considered. The firm should be re-engineered into a series of processes.
Marketing and Marketing Concepts are directly related. Given the centrality of customer needs, and wants in marketing, a rich understanding of these concepts is essential: [27] Needs: Something necessary for people to live a healthy, stable and safe life. When needs remain unfulfilled, there is a clear adverse outcome: a dysfunction or death.
More broadly, marketing managers work to design and improve the effectiveness of core marketing processes, such as new product development, brand management, marketing communications, and pricing. Marketers may employ the tools of business process re-engineering to ensure these processes are properly designed, and use a variety of process ...
People like Henri Fayol (1841–1925) and Alexander Church (1866–1936) described the various branches of management and their inter-relationships. In the early 20th century, people like Ordway Tead (1891–1973), Walter Scott (1869–1955) and J. Mooney applied the principles of psychology to management.
Staff and line are names given to different types of functions in organizations. A line function is one that directly advances an organization in its core work. [1] This always includes production and sales, and sometimes marketing. [2] A staff function supports the organization with specialized advisory and support functions. [3]
Although control was one of the six 'functions of management' [9] listed by Henri Fayol in 1917, [10] [11] the idea of strategic control as a distinct activity does not appear in the management literature until the late 1970s (e.g. "Strategic Control: a new task for top management" by J H Horovitz, [12] which was published in 1979, is a candidate for first paper to explicitly discuss the topic ...