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  2. Aniline - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniline

    Likewise, it is also prone to oxidation: while freshly purified aniline is an almost colorless oil, exposure to air results in gradual darkening to yellow or red, due to the formation of strongly colored, oxidized impurities. Aniline can be diazotized to give a diazonium salt, which can then undergo various nucleophilic substitution reactions.

  3. Cahill cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahill_cycle

    Studies have demonstrated that the glucose-alanine cycle may play a direct role in regulation of hepatic (liver) mitochondrial oxidation, particularly during periods of extended fasting. [9] Hepatic mitochondrial oxidation is a key process in the metabolism of glucose and fatty acids, involving the Citric Acid Cycle and oxidative ...

  4. Phenylalanine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine

    D-Phenylalanine is distributed to the various tissues of the body via the systemic circulation. It appears to cross the blood–brain barrier less efficiently than L -phenylalanine, and so a small amount of an ingested dose of D -phenylalanine is excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system.

  5. Nitrosation and nitrosylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosation_and_nitrosylation

    Nitrosation of aniline. N-Nitrosamines arise from the reaction of nitrite sources with amino compounds. Typically, this reaction occurs when the nucleophilic nitrogen of a secondary amine attacks the nitrogen of the electrophilic nitrosonium ion: [14] NO 2 − + 2 H + → NO + + H 2 O R 2 NH + NO + → R 2 N-NO + H +

  6. Oxidative stress - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_stress

    Oxidative stress mechanisms in tissue injury. Free radical toxicity induced by xenobiotics and the subsequent detoxification by cellular enzymes (termination).. Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. [1]

  7. Diphenylamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenylamine

    Diphenylamine is an organic compound with the formula (C 6 H 5) 2 NH. The compound is a derivative of aniline, consisting of an amine bound to two phenyl groups. The compound is a colorless solid, but commercial samples are often yellow due to oxidized impurities. [5]

  8. Isotope effect on lipid peroxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_effect_on_lipid...

    Unlike catabolic oxidation of drugs, or oxidative damage to DNA or proteins (which occurs stoichiometrically), oxidation of PUFAs is particularly pernicious, proceeding through a non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation chain reaction (LPO), whereby a single ROS species can initiate a runaway autoxidation process that does not need any additional ROS ...

  9. Boyland–Sims oxidation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyland–Sims_oxidation

    The Boyland–Sims oxidation is the chemical reaction of anilines with alkaline potassium persulfate, which after hydrolysis forms ortho-hydroxyl anilines. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction is generally performed in water at room temperatures or below, using equimolar quantities of reagents.