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  2. Soul - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul

    The Modern English noun soul is derived from Old English sāwol, sāwel.The earliest attestations reported in the Oxford English Dictionary are from the 8th century. In King Alfred's translation of De Consolatione Philosophiae, it is used to refer to the immaterial, spiritual, or thinking aspect of a person, as contrasted with the person's physical body; in the Vespasian Psalter 77.50, it ...

  3. Ātman (Hinduism) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ātman_(Hinduism)

    The analogy of changing clothes is used to illustrate how the soul discards old bodies for new ones. Krishna emphasizes the eternal existence of the soul by explaining that even as it undergoes various life stages and changes bodies it remains unaffected. It is imperceptible, inconceivable, and unchanging. [35]

  4. Atma Upanishad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atma_Upanishad

    The Upanishad describes three types of Self : the Bahya-atma or external self (body), the Antar-atma or inner self (individual soul) and the Param-atma or highest self (the Brahman, Purusha). [ 2 ] [ 6 ] The text asserts that one must meditate, during Yoga , on the highest self as one's self that is partless, spotless, changeless, desireless ...

  5. Parasparopagraho Jivanam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasparopagraho_Jivanam

    [2] These translations are virtually the same (by virtue, that is), because Jains believe that every living being, from a plant or a bacterium to human, has a soul and the concept forms the very basis of Jainism.

  6. Jiva - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiva

    A soul or jiva is differentiated from God or Ishvara due to the jiva’s dependence on Ishvara; this state is an indication of eternal, ontological distinction. [11] Unique to this school is the idea of a hierarchy of souls, evocative of predestination. Within the system, some souls are inherently and eternally destined for liberation, others ...

  7. Sat Sandarbhas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat_Sandarbhas

    Explains liberation of the soul, the position of Shiva as a devotee of Krishna, how unmotivated devotion to Krishna promotes a devotee to the highest spiritual position and numerous other points concerning the performance of Vaishnava devotion. English translations by: Bhanu Swami; Satyanarayana Dasa and Bruce Martin [27] Hindi translations by:

  8. Nafs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafs

    A visual rendition of the Islamic model of the soul showing the position of "nafs" relative to other concepts, based on a consensus of 18 surveyed academic and religious experts [1] Nafs ( نَفْس ) is an Arabic word occurring in the Quran , literally meaning " self ", and has been translated as " psyche ", " ego " or " soul ".

  9. Brahman - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahman

    Fiji Hindi; Français ... Translation Reference अहं ब्रह्म अस्मि ... This is my Soul in the innermost heart, greater than the earth ...