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In philosophy, universality or absolutism is the idea that universal facts exist and can be progressively discovered, as opposed to relativism, which asserts that all facts are relative to one's perspective. [1] [2] Absolutism and relativism have been explored at length in contemporary analytic philosophy.
Universalism is the philosophical concept and a theological concept within Christianity [1] that some ideas have universal application or applicability.. A belief in one fundamental truth is another important tenet in universalism.
The perennial philosophy (Latin: philosophia perennis), [note 1] also referred to as perennialism and perennial wisdom, is a school of thought in philosophy and spirituality that posits that the recurrence of common themes across world religions illuminates universal truths about the nature of reality, humanity, ethics, and consciousness.
In Aristotle's view, universals can be instantiated multiple times. He states that one and the same universal, such as applehood, appears in every real apple.A common sense challenge would be to inquire what remains exactly the same in all these different things, since the theory is claiming that something remains the same.
Crispin Wright is the most well-known advocate of pluralism about truth. In his 1992 book Truth and Objectivity, Wright argued that any predicate which satisfied certain platitudes about truth qualified as a truth predicate. In some discourses, Wright argued, the role of the truth predicate might be played by the notion of superassertibility. [1]
An ancient criterion of truth, the consensus gentium (Latin for agreement of the people), states "that which is universal among men carries the weight of truth" (Ferm, 64). A number of consensus theories of truth are based on variations of this principle.
According to representatives of Traditionalism, all major world religions are founded upon common primordial and universal metaphysical truths. The perspective of its authors is often referred to as philosophia perennis (perennial philosophy), which is both "absolute Truth and infinite Presence". [2]
Truth-generating perspectives are collective and opposed to, or engaged in a struggle against, power and authority. For example, the collective perspective of the " proletariat ". So, the proposition is true if it is the "product of political struggle" for the " emancipation of the workers" ( Theodor Adorno ).