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Alcohol misuse costs the United Kingdom's National Health Service £3 billion per year. The cost to employers is 6.4 billion pounds sterling per year. These figures do not include the crime and social problems associated with alcohol misuse. The number of women regularly drinking alcohol has almost caught up with men. [104]
Alcohol depresses the central nervous system, slowing cerebral messaging and altering the way signals are sent and received. Progressively larger amounts of alcohol are needed to achieve the same physical and emotional results. The drinker eventually must consume alcohol just to avoid the physical cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
The remainder when dividing this number by 11 is calculated, yielding a number in the range 0–10, which would be 2 in this case. Finally, this number is subtracted from 11 to give the checksum in the range 1–11, in this case 9, which becomes the last digit of the NHS number. A checksum of 11 is represented by 0 in the final NHS number.
The NHS Information Authority (NHSIA) was part of the UK National Health Service (NHS). It was established as a NHS special health authority by an Act of Parliament in April 1999. [ 1 ]
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is considered the most accurate alcohol screening tool for identifying potential alcohol misuse, including dependence. [8] It was developed by the World Health Organization, designed initially for use in primary healthcare settings with supporting guidance.
Using a set of WHO tools and resources SAFER will concentrate on the more cost-effective interventions to reduce and prevent alcohol misuse. [85] The five WHO "best buys" for decreasing alcohol misuse are priority in this action plan: [82] Strengthen restrictions on alcohol availability. Advance and enforce drink driving countermeasures.
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Ethanol is also known chemically as alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or drinking alcohol. It is a simple alcohol with a molecular formula of C 2 H 6 O and a molecular weight of 46.0684 g/mol. The molecular formula of ethanol may also be written as CH 3 −CH 2 −OH or as C 2 H 5 −OH.