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In microbiology, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of a chemical, usually a drug, which prevents visible in vitro growth of bacteria or fungi. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] MIC testing is performed in both diagnostic [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and drug discovery laboratories.
The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibacterial agent required to kill a particular bacterium. [1] It can be determined from broth dilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests by subculturing to agar plates that do not contain the test agent.
where K i is the binding affinity of the inhibitor, IC 50 is the functional strength of the inhibitor, [S] is fixed substrate concentration and K m is the Michaelis constant i.e. concentration of substrate at which enzyme activity is at half maximal (but is frequently confused with substrate affinity for the enzyme, which it is not).
Antibiotic sensitivity testing is also conducted at a population level in some countries as a form of screening. [4] This is to assess the background rates of resistance to antibiotics (for example with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ), and may influence guidelines and public health measures.
They are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, DHPS. DHPS catalyses the conversion of PABA ( para -aminobenzoate ) to dihydropteroate , a key step in folate synthesis. Folate is necessary for the cell to synthesize nucleic acids (nucleic acids are essential building blocks of DNA and RNA ), and in its absence cells ...
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Bacteriostatic agents have been effectively used for treatment that are considered to require bactericidal activity. Furthermore, some broad classes of antibacterial agents considered bacteriostatic can exhibit bactericidal activity against some bacteria on the basis of in vitro determination of MBC/MIC values.
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