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The waterfall model provides a structured approach; the model itself progresses linearly through discrete, easily understandable and explainable phases and thus is easy to understand. It also provides easily identifiable milestones in the development process, often being used as a beginning example of a development model in many software ...
To picture this iterative development Royce proposed a number of approaches, although he never used the term waterfall [10] nor advocated it as an effective methodology. [11] The earliest use of the term "waterfall" may have been a 1976 paper by Bell and Thayer. [12] Royce pictured the waterfall model with the following seven steps: [3]
A phase-gate process (also referred to as a waterfall process) is a project management technique in which an initiative or project (e.g., new product development, software development, process improvement, business change) is divided into distinct stages or phases, separated by decision points (known as gates).
An example of waterfall charts. Here, there are 3 total columns called Main Column1, Middle Column, and End Value. The accumulation of successive two intermediate columns from the first total column (Main Column1) as the initial value results in the 2nd total column (Middle Column), and the rest accumulation results in the last total column (End Value) as the final value.
In software development, the V-model [2] represents a development process that may be considered an extension of the waterfall model and is an example of the more general V-model. Instead of moving down linearly, the process steps are bent upwards after the coding phase, to form the typical V shape.
In later publications, [1] Boehm describes the spiral model as a "process model generator," where choices based on a project's risks generate an appropriate process model for the project. Thus, the incremental, waterfall, prototyping, and other process models are special cases of the spiral model that fit the risk patterns of certain projects.
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In the 1988 paper A spiral model of software development and enhancement, the term is used to describe the older practice of the code and fix model, which lacked planning and eventually led to the development of the waterfall model. [10] In the 1979 book Structured programming for the COBOL programmer, author Paul Noll uses the phrases ...