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It goes back to the allophonic variation in Old English (see below), where it was possible for þ to be in final position and thus voiceless in the basic form of a word, but in medial position and voiced in a related form. The loss of inflections then brought the voiced medial consonant to the end of the word.
Fricated alveolar clicks [ǃᶴ] (also voiced, nasalized, etc.) Non-sibilant affricates. Voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ] Voiceless bilabial-labiodental affricate [pf] Voiceless labiodental affricate [p̪f] Voiced labiodental affricate [b̪v] Voiceless dental affricate [t̪θ] Voiced dental affricate [d̪ð] [dubious – discuss]
There are several types (those used in English being written as th): Voiced dental fricative [ð] - as in the English this, [ðɪs]. [2] Voiceless dental fricative [θ] - as in the English thin, [θɪn]. [2] Dental ejective fricative [θʼ]
Breathy voiced ̪ ͆: Dental ̬: Voiced ̰: Creaky voiced ̺: Apical ʰ: Aspirated ̼: Linguolabial ̻: Laminal ̹ ͗ ˒ More rounded ʷ: Labialized ̃: Nasalized ̜ ͑ ˓ Less rounded ʲ: Palatalized ⁿ: Nasal release ̟ ˖ Advanced ˠ: Velarized ˡ: Lateral release ̠ ˗ Retracted ˤ: Pharyngealized ̚: No audible release ̈
English also uses th to represent the voiced dental fricative /ð/, as in father. This unusual extension of the digraph to represent a voiced sound is caused by the fact that, in Old English, the sounds [θ] and [ð] stood in allophonic relationship to each other and so did not need to be rigorously distinguished in spelling.
Final devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, Russian and Catalan. [4] [page needed] Such languages have voiced obstruents in the syllable coda or at the end of a word become voiceless.
This sound was regularly realised in Old English as the voiced fricative [ð] between voiced sounds, but either letter could be used to write it; the modern use of [ð] in phonetic alphabets is not the same as the Old English orthographic use. A thorn with the ascender crossed was a popular abbreviation for the word that.
Also note a combination digraph and cluster as seen in length with two digraphs ng , th representing a cluster of two consonants: /ŋθ/ (although it may be pronounced /ŋkθ/ instead, as ng followed by a voiceless consonant in the same syllable often does); lights with a silent digraph gh followed by a cluster t , s : /ts/; and compound words ...