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Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is of interest to women who want fertility preservation beyond the natural limit, or whose reproductive potential is threatened by cancer therapy, [1] for example in hematologic malignancies or breast cancer. [2]
The same study found that, of 65 patients referred to the program, 28% declined to undergo embryo, oocyte, or tissue cryopreservation. 9% were found not to be eligible for medical reasons. Of the remaining 41 patients, 85% chose to cryopreserve embryos, 10% chose to cryopreserve oocytes, and 5% chose to undergo ovarian tissue freezing. [9]
Cryopreservation is an effective way to transport biological samples over long distances, store samples for prolonged periods of time, and create a bank of samples for users. Molecules, referred to as cryoprotective agents (CPAs), are added to reduce the osmotic shock and physical stresses cells undergo in the freezing process. [2]
Ideally, the artificial ovary should contain follicles or oocytes obtained from ovarian tissue cryopreservation, as well as other ovarian cells to provide growth factors. [3] Isolated follicles are then transplanted (either at the normal site of the ovary or elsewhere in the body) in a delivery scaffold. [ 4 ]
Thus, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an alternative to oocyte cryopreservation which requires a preceding controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In vitro maturation allows oocytes from the ovarian tissue to be used directly for in vitro fertilization, as an alternative to surgical re-insertion of the tissue into the body. [14]
TVOR is typically performed after ovarian hyperstimulation, where oocytes are pharmacologically stimulated to mature. When the ovarian follicles have reached a certain degree of development, induction of final oocyte maturation is performed, generally by an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). [10]
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Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, often called ovarian tissue cryopreservation, is of interest to women who want to preserve their reproductive function beyond the natural limit, or whose reproductive potential is threatened by cancer therapy, [48] for example in hematologic malignancies or breast cancer. [49]