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Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Californium is a silvery-white actinide metal [12] with a melting point of 900 ± 30 °C (1,650 ± 50 °F) and an estimated boiling point of 1,743 K (1,470 °C; 2,680 °F). [13] The pure metal is malleable and is easily cut with a knife. Californium metal starts to vaporize above 300 °C (570 °F) when exposed to a vacuum. [14]
The California Gold Rush began in 1848 after the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill in 1848. By the year 1849, over 80,000 people had relocated to California in search of gold. [25] Eventually, the Gold Rush peaked in 1852 and concluded by the early 1900s. [25] See also: Carolina Gold Rush, Cabarrus County, North Carolina, US (1799)
The general science of metals is called metallurgy, a subtopic of materials science; aspects of the electronic and thermal properties are also within the scope of condensed matter physics and solid-state chemistry, it is a multidisciplinary topic.
In 2022, the U.S. was the third-largest producer of raw steel worldwide, after China and India, and ranked sixth in pig iron production. By November 2024, the industry produced over 74 million net tons annually. The industry produced over 74 million net tons per year as of November 2024. [1]
In nuclear science, nuclei of heavy metals such as chromium, iron, or zinc are sometimes fired at other heavy metal targets to produce superheavy elements; [173] heavy metals are also employed as spallation targets for the production of neutrons [174] or isotopes of non-primordial elements such as astatine (using lead, bismuth, thorium, or ...
Because the gold in the California gravel beds was so richly concentrated, the early forty-niners simply panned for gold in California's rivers and streams, a form of placer mining. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] However, panning cannot take place on a large scale, and industrious miners and groups of miners graduated to placer mining " cradles " and "rockers ...
Light Metal Age covers primary production and semi-fabrication of light metals, mainly aluminum, but also titanium and magnesium, as well as associated light metal processes and equipment, including DC casting, anodizing, furnaces and melting, degassing and filtration, sawing, and handling. Articles are technical in nature, with the aim of ...