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The American Cancer Society reports 5-year relative survival rates of over 70% for women with stage 0-III breast cancer with a 5-year relative survival rate close to 100% for women with stage 0 or stage I breast cancer. The 5-year relative survival rate drops to 22% for women with stage IV breast cancer. [3]
The five-year survival rates in England and the United States are between 80 and 90%. [16] [4] [5] In developing countries, five-year survival rates are lower. [2] Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases. [17] In 2018, it resulted in two million new cases and 627,000 deaths. [18]
In breast cancer, spinal-cord compression occurs when a bone metastasis or spinal metastasis begins to push on the spinal cord, resulting in inflammation and, if untreated, spinal cord injury. Radiotherapy is an important component of therapy for cord compression secondary to metastatic breast cancer, along with corticosteroids and laminectomy .
Predictors associated with worse prognosis of MBC include age younger than 39 years at presentation, tumor invasion of the skin, and squamous cell carcinoma spread to the lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rate for MBC varies by classification, and ranges from 49% in the most deadly classifications to 64%. [3]
Spinal cord compression is commonly found in patients with metastatic malignancy. [10] Back pain is a primary symptom of spinal cord compression in patients with known malignancy. [ 11 ] Back pain may prompt a bone scan to confirm or exclude spinal metastasis.
prostate cancer is nearly always adenocarcinoma; cervical cancer: most is squamous cell cancer, but 10–15% of cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas [4] stomach cancer: is almost always an adenocarcinoma but in rare cases are extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (also termed MALT lymphomas). [5]
Triple-negative breast cancer comprises 15–20% of all breast cancer cases [3] and affects more young women or women with a mutation in the BRCA1 gene than other breast cancers. [4] Triple-negative breast cancers comprise a very heterogeneous group of cancers. TNBC is the most challenging breast cancer type to treat. [5]
In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. [17] For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66% for all ages. [5] In 2015, about 90.5 million people worldwide had cancer. [18]