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In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation. Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the "lethal dose" represents a dose (usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight) at which a given percentage of subjects will die.
In toxicology, the lowest published toxic dose (Toxic Dose Low, TD Lo) is the lowest dosage per unit of bodyweight (typically stated in milligrams per kilogram) of a substance known to have produced signs of toxicity in a particular animal species. [1]
The ACR is the inverse of the application factor (AF). This makes it easier for regulators to visualize data as whole numbers rather than decimals. The AF is calculated by dividing the Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) by the Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of test organisms in an acute toxicity test .
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD 50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt 50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance. [1] The value of LD 50 for a substance is the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.
Limits for short-term exposure, such as STELs or CVs, are defined only if there is a particular acute toxicity associated with a substance. These limits are set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), based on experimental data.
Curved cell survival curves (cells exposed to low-LET radiation) show two distinct regions: low dose regions and high dose regions. The low-dose region is often referred to as the “shoulder”, and in this region there are fewer cell inactivations per unit dose. The high-dose region generally trends towards a straight line.
Types of electromagnetic radiation. Radiation exposure is a measure of the ionization of air due to ionizing radiation from photons. [1] It is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air. [1]
An asphyxiant gas, also known as a simple asphyxiant, is a nontoxic or minimally toxic gas which reduces or displaces the normal oxygen concentration in breathing air. Breathing of oxygen-depleted air can lead to death by asphyxiation (suffocation).