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Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. [1] A high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation, such as when humidity affects rate of evaporation of water. [ 2 ]
is the heat flux from the gas to the droplet surface (J.s −1) is the latent heat of evaporation of the species considered (J.kg −1) Analytical expressions for the droplet vaporization rate, ˙, and for the heat flux are now derived. A single, pure, component droplet is considered and the gas phase is assumed to behave as an ideal gas.
Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component) to another.Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation.
The boiling point is the temperature at which there is equilibrium between liquid and gas phases. At the boiling point, the number of gas molecules condensing to liquid equals the number of liquid molecules evaporating to gas. Adding a solute dilutes the concentration of the liquid molecules and reduces the rate of evaporation.
The total transport rate of the species is then given by a summation of the Stefan flow and diffusive contributions. An example of the Stefan flow occurs when a droplet of liquid evaporates in air. In this case, the vapor /air mixture surrounding the droplet is the flowing fluid, and liquid/vapor boundary of the droplet is the interface.
In general, volatility tends to decrease with increasing molecular mass because larger molecules can participate in more intermolecular bonding, [5] although other factors such as structure and polarity play a significant role. The effect of molecular mass can be partially isolated by comparing chemicals of similar structure (i.e. esters ...
When a temperature is reached such that the sum of the equilibrium vapor pressures of the liquid components becomes equal to the total pressure of the system (it is otherwise smaller), then vapor bubbles generated from the liquid begin to displace the gas that was maintaining the overall pressure, and the mixture is said to boil.
Ch. 1, "Evaporation" Transpiration: the movement of water from root systems, through a plant, and exit into the air as water vapor. This exit occurs through stomata in the plant. Rate of transpiration can be influenced by factors including plant type, soil type, weather conditions and water content, and also cultivation practices. [6]: Ch. 1 ...