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  2. Speed of sound - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound

    The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air, deviating slightly from ideal behavior. In colloquial speech, speed of sound refers to the speed of sound waves in air.

  3. Sound speed profile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_speed_profile

    A sound speed profile shows the speed of sound in water at different vertical levels. It has two general representations: It has two general representations: tabular form, with pairs of columns corresponding to ocean depth and the speed of sound at that depth, respectively.

  4. Underwater acoustics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_acoustics

    Output of a computer model of underwater acoustic propagation in a simplified ocean environment. A seafloor map produced by multibeam sonar. Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.

  5. SOFAR channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOFAR_channel

    The SOFAR channel (short for sound fixing and ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), [1] is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound is at its minimum. The SOFAR channel acts as a waveguide for sound, and low frequency sound waves within the channel may travel thousands of miles before dissipating.

  6. Acoustic wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_wave

    An acoustic wave is a mechanical wave that transmits energy through the movements of atoms and molecules. Acoustic waves transmit through fluids in a longitudinal manner (movement of particles are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave); in contrast to electromagnetic waves that transmit in transverse manner (movement of particles at a right angle to the direction of propagation ...

  7. Sound velocity probe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Velocity_Probe

    Secondly, the speed of sound may be directly measured using a small acoustic transducer and a reflecting surface, mounted at a known distance from the acoustic center of the transducer. If the distance from the transducer to the reflector is known, and the time taken from the transmit to the receive pulse is known, then the speed of sound in ...

  8. Underwater acoustic communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_acoustic...

    The type designation "UQC" stands for General Utility (multi use), Sonar and Underwater Sound and Communications (Receiving/Transmitting, two way). The "W" in WQC stands for Water Surface and Underwater combined. The underwater telephone is used on all crewed submersibles and many Naval surface ships in operation.

  9. Refraction (sound) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction_(sound)

    This effect is responsible for guided propagation of sound waves over long distances in the ocean and in the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, vertical gradients of wind speed and temperature lead to refraction. [1] The wind speed is usually increasing with height, which leads to a downward bending of the sound rays towards the ground.