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  2. Ilex opaca - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_opaca

    The leaves are alternate, 5–7.5 cm (2.0–3.0 in) long and 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) wide, stiff, yellow green and dull matte to sub-shiny above (distinctly less glossy than the otherwise fairly similar European holly, Ilex aquifolium), [6] often pale yellow beneath; the edges are curved into several sharp, spike-like points, and a wedge ...

  3. Aerial root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_root

    Banyan trees are an example of a strangler fig that begins life as an epiphyte in the crown of another tree. Their roots grow down and around the stem of the host, their growth accelerating once the ground has been reached. Over time, the roots coalesce to form a pseudotrunk, which may give the appearance that it is strangling the host.

  4. Populus grandidentata - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populus_grandidentata

    Populus grandidentata is a medium-sized deciduous tree native to North America, found mostly in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Leaves are similar to Populus tremuloides, but slightly larger and having larger teeth. [3] The leaves tremble in the wind as those of P. tremuloides do. Bark of younger trees is olive-green ...

  5. Liana - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liana

    Lianas do not derive nutrients directly from trees but live on and derive nutrients at the expense of trees. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Specifically, they greatly reduce tree growth [ 5 ] and tree reproduction, [ 6 ] greatly increase tree mortality, [ 7 ] prevent tree seedlings from establishing, [ 5 ] alter the course of regeneration in forests, [ 8 ] and ...

  6. Boscia albitrunca - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boscia_albitrunca

    Boscia albitrunca, commonly known as the shepherd tree or shepherd's tree (Afrikaans: Witgat, Sotho: Mohlôpi, Tswana: Motlôpi, Venda: Muvhombwe, Xhosa: Umgqomogqomo, Zulu: Umvithi), is a protected species of South African tree in the caper family. [1] It is known for having the deepest known root structure of any plant at: -68 metres (223 ft ...

  7. Macaranga tanarius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaranga_tanarius

    It is a shrub or bushy tree, sometimes reaching 12 metres tall and with a stem diameter of 40 cm. The trunk is short and crooked, bark being grey-brown, with bumps and irregularities. The branchlets are smooth, bluish grey with prominent leaf scars. Leaves are alternate, and round with a tip, 8 to 23 cm long, greyish or white on the underside.

  8. Thorns, spines, and prickles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles

    Prickles on a blackberry branch. In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.

  9. Prunus ilicifolia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_ilicifolia

    Prunus ilicifolia flowers. It is an evergreen shrub [4] or small tree approaching 15 metres (49 feet) in height, [12] with dense, hard leaves [4] (sclerophyllous foliage). The leaves are 1.6–12 centimetres (3 ⁄ 4 – 4 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches) long with a 4–25 millimetres (1 ⁄ 8 –1 in) petiole [12] and spiny margins, somewhat resembling those of the holly.