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Beginning in the 1990s, molecular (DNA sequence) data have come to play a central role in attempts to reconstruct the ant "tree of life".Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on multiple nuclear genes have yielded robust results that reinforce some preexisting views but overturn others – and suggest that there has been considerable morphological convergence among some ant lineages.
Ants (family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera) are the most species-rich of all social insects, with more than 12,000 described species and many others awaiting description. [1] Formicidae is divided into 21 subfamilies , of which 17 are extant and four subfamilies are extinct , described from fossils .
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Formica is the type genus of the Formicidae, and of the subfamily Formicinae. [3] The type species of genus Formica is the European red wood ant Formica rufa. [1] Ants of this genus tend to be between 4 and 8 mm long. [4] Ants belonging to the Formica genus possess a single knob or bump located between their thorax and abdomen. These ants ...
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The venom of a closely related species, M. pilosula, is amongst the strongest of the Formicidae and contains active ingredients such as acid and alkaline phosphatases, hyaluronidase, as well as phospholipases A2 and B. [5] In a 2011 Australian ant allergy venom study, the objective of which was to determine what native Australian ants were ...
It is considered to be "one of the more important groups of ants," considering its widespread distribution, its diversity, and its variety of morphological and biological characteristics. [3] It also includes several familiar pest species, such as the pharaoh ant ( M. pharaonis ) and the flower ant ( M. floricola ).
Male caste of C. degeeri Worker caste of C. corticicola. Crematogaster is an ecologically diverse genus of ants found worldwide, which are characterised by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster (abdomen), which gives them one of their common names, the Saint Valentine ant. [2]