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  2. Marx's theory of human nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx's_theory_of_human_nature

    Thus, Marx appears to say that human nature is no more than what is made by the "social relations". Norman Geras's Marx and Human Nature (1983), however, offers an argument against this position. [3] In outline, Geras shows that, while the social relations are held to "determine" the nature of people, they are not the only such determinant.

  3. Consequentialism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism

    One counterintuitive consequence of actualism is that agents can avoid moral obligations simply by having an imperfect moral character. [34] [36] For example, a lazy person might justify rejecting a request to help a friend by arguing that, due to her lazy character, she would not have done the work anyway, even if she had accepted the request ...

  4. Hobbes's moral and political philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbes's_moral_and...

    This scientific method stresses the importance of first establishing well-defined principles of human nature (moral philosophy) and ‘deducing’ aspects of political life from this. [1] Hobbes first used the mechanics of motion to define principles of human perception, behaviour and reasoning, which were then used to draw the conclusions of ...

  5. Human nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nature

    Human nature comprises the fundamental dispositions and characteristics—including ways of thinking, feeling, and acting—that humans are said to have naturally. The term is often used to denote the essence of humankind, or what it 'means' to be human. This usage has proven to be controversial in that there is dispute as to whether or not ...

  6. Moral disengagement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement

    Human nature attributes involve characteristics such as warmth, agency, emotionality, and cognitive openness, which discriminate a human from inanimate objects. [45] When attributing human nature to groups of people, ingroup and outgroup biases come into play. People identify themselves with their social group (ingroup) and dissociate ...

  7. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Enquiry_Concerning_the...

    An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals is the enquiry subsequent to the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (EHU). Thus, it is often referred to as "the second Enquiry". It was originally published in 1751, three years after the first Enquiry. [1] Hume first discusses ethics in A Treatise of Human Nature (in Book 3 - "Of Morals"). He ...

  8. A Treatise of Human Nature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Treatise_of_Human_Nature

    A Treatise of Human Nature: Being an Attempt to Introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects (1739–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. [1]

  9. Utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

    Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals, for a promise of the fullest allowance of a beast's pleasures; no intelligent human being would consent to be a fool, no instructed person would be an ignoramus, no person of feeling and conscience would be selfish and base, even though they should be persuaded that ...