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  2. Simulation hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis

    Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, stated that the argument for the simulation theory is "quite strong". [45] In a podcast with Joe Rogan, Musk said "If you assume any rate of improvement at all, games will eventually be indistinguishable from reality" before concluding "that it's most likely we're in a simulation". [46]

  3. Free will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will

    Various definitions of free will that have been proposed for Metaphysical Libertarianism (agent/substance causal, [59] centered accounts, [60] and efforts of will theory [29]), along with examples of other common free will positions (Compatibilism, [17] Hard Determinism, [61] and Hard Incompatibilism [33]). Red circles represent mental states ...

  4. Free will theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will_theorem

    The free will theorem of John H. Conway and Simon B. Kochen states that if we have a free will in the sense that our choices are not a function of the past, then, subject to certain assumptions, so must some elementary particles. Conway and Kochen's paper was published in Foundations of Physics in 2006. [1]

  5. Neuroscience of free will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_of_free_will

    The neuroscience of free will encompasses two main fields of study: volition and agency. Volition, the study of voluntary actions, is difficult to define. [citation needed] If human actions are considered as lying along a spectrum based on conscious involvement in initiating the actions, then reflexes would be on one end, and fully voluntary actions would be on the other. [17]

  6. Simulated reality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated_reality

    Some humans seek to break others out of the simulation, offering them a choice between a red pill and blue pill that will set them free or keep them in the Matrix forever. Escaping the simulation is usually presented as the correct choice, even if reality is harsher and more displeasing, reflecting the desire of humans to live in an objective ...

  7. Conway's Game of Life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway's_Game_of_Life

    Neumann wrote a paper entitled "The general and logical theory of automata" for the Hixon Symposium in 1948. [11] Ulam was the one who suggested using a discrete system for creating a reductionist model of self-replication. [8]: 3 [12]: xxix Ulam and von Neumann created a method for calculating liquid motion in the late 1950s. The driving ...

  8. Butterfly effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect

    In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. The term is closely associated with the work of the mathematician and meteorologist Edward Norton Lorenz.

  9. Libertarianism (metaphysics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism_(metaphysics)

    One particularly influential contemporary theory of libertarian free will is that of Robert Kane. [ 30 ] [ 46 ] [ 47 ] Kane argued that "(1) the existence of alternative possibilities (or the agent's power to do otherwise) is a necessary condition for acting freely, and that (2) determinism is not compatible with alternative possibilities (it ...