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This page was last edited on 5 November 2008, at 15:13 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.
International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, [2] or international affairs [3]) is an academic discipline. [4] In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors ...
The Ministry of Law and Human Rights was established on 19 August 1945 as the Department of Justice (Departemen Kehakiman). [1]The preceding agency in the Dutch Colonial Era was Dutch: Departemen Van Justitie, based on Herdeland Yudie Staatblad No. 576.
In international relations, multilateralism refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal. Multilateralism is based on the principles of inclusivity, equality, and cooperation, and aims to foster a more peaceful, prosperous, and sustainable world. [1]
On 27 December 1949, the Dutch government transferred sovereignty to a federal United States of Indonesia (USI), which comprised 16 states and territories, including the Republic of Indonesia. Under the constitution of the USI, the highest chamber of government was the Senate, which comprised 32 members, two from each of the 16 components of ...
In international relations, intergovernmentalism treats states (and national governments in particular) as the primary actors in the integration process. . Intergovernmentalist approaches claim to be able to explain both periods of radical change in the European Union because of converging governmental preferences and periods of inertia because of diverging
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is an international treaty that defines a framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries. [2] Its aim is to facilitate "the development of friendly relations" among governments through a uniform set of practices and principles; [3] most notably, it codifies the longstanding custom of diplomatic immunity, in which ...
At the international level, the national government (i.e., chief negotiator) seeks an agreement, with an opposing country, relating to topics of concern. At the domestic level, societal actors pressure the chief negotiator for favourable policies. The chief negotiator absorbs the concern of societal actors and builds coalitions with them.