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A theory was developed that the brain was likely a pharmacologic sanctuary where sub-clinical metastases were protected from cytotoxic drugs by the blood–brain barrier. Oncologists hypothesized that treatment of this sub-clinical disease with radiation therapy may stamp out the malignant process before it could advance to cause symptoms.
In 2016, the FDA approved atezolizumab for the treatment of people with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease progressed during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy and pembrolizumab for the treatment of people with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors express programmed death-ligand 1 as ...
Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer, as primary tumors that originate in the brain are less common. [4] The most common sites of primary cancer which metastasize to the brain are lung, breast, colon, kidney, and skin cancer. Brain metastases can occur months or even years after the original or primary cancer is treated.
Lung cancer most commonly metastasizes to the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands. [14] Lung cancer can often appear as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph or CT scan. In lung cancer screening studies as many as 30% of those screened have a lung nodule, the majority of which turn out to be benign. [15]
Small cell lung cancer is often treated as a systematic disease due to its tendency for early dissemination, [4] thus, instead of the traditional TNM staging system, the Veterans' Administration Lung Study Group (VALSG) introduced a simplified 2-stage system in the 1950s to divide small cell lung cancer into limited stage and extensive stage. [7]
Oral and pharyngeal mucositis and esophagitis suggest Herpes simplex infection or candidiasis. Either empirical antiviral or antifungal therapy or both should be considered. In addition to infections due to neutropenia, a patient with the Acute Radiation Syndrome will also be at risk for viral, fungal and parasitic infections. If these types of ...
Lung cancer is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually and is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and the second most common in women. According to the World Health Organization, lung cancer was responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2020. [2]
lung cancer and mesothelioma: NP cisplatin, vinorelbine: non-small cell lung carcinoma PACE platinum agent, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), cyclophosphamide, etoposide: PCV Procarbazine, CCNU , vincristine: brain tumors: PEB cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin: non-seminomatous germ cell tumors PEI cisplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide: small-cell lung carcinoma