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The Somali National Movement (Somali: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, Arabic: الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen [4] groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence. [5]
The destruction of Hargeisa and Burao (Somali: duqayntii Hargeysa iyo Burco) occurred in 1988 during the Somali Civil War.It was part of a counteroffensive launched by the Somali government under President Mohamed Siad Barre against the Somali National Movement (SNM), an opposition group active in northern Somalia (modern-day Somaliland).
She was married three times, including to Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal, who was the prime minister of the State of Somaliland five days prior to Trust Territory of Somalia's independence and later the Somali Republic (1960–1960) and (1967–1969) and President of Somaliland (1993–2002), although the two divorced after five years.
[22] [25] An SNM fighter who partook in the Hargeisa offensive described Somali troops dropping their uniforms on the ground and fleeing. [22] The SNM encountered stiff resistance from the Somalian Army as they surrounded Radio Hargeisa's headquarters. [22] The Somalian army units withdrew to Hargeisa Airport and the hills east of the city. [25]
Between 1985 and 1987, the SNM conducted many attacks on government facilities and troops based out of camps in Ethiopia. By 1988, the SNM moved out of their camps in Ethiopia and began operating in northern Somali republic, the area now known as Somaliland. [2] They even temporarily occupied the provincial capitals of Burao and Hargeysa.
The 1991 Zeila incursion (Somali: Dagaalkii Saylac) was a Djiboutian-backed incursion during the Somaliland War of Independence led by the United Somali Front (USF), purporting to politically represent the Issa clans in the western Awdal region of Somaliland, [1] with the goal of annexing the towns of Zeila, Loyada and Gerisa (Zeyla triangle) to Djibouti.
The Somaliland War of Independence [32] [33] (Somali: Dagaalkii Xoraynta Soomaaliland, lit. 'Somaliland Liberation War') was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the ...
Hassan Isse Jama - One of the founding fathers of the SNM in London. Former Deputy chair of SNM, First vice president of Somaliland. [9] Dayib Gurey - was a senior SNM senior commander who led the invasion. Edna Adan Ismail - The first Somali woman to study in Britain, first qualified nurse-midwife, and former foreign minister of Somaliland. [14]