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A shaggy dog demonstrates a scratch reflex. When she is scratched beneath her front leg, her back leg moves vigorously. The scratch reflex is an automatic response to the activation of sensory neurons located on the surface of the body. [1]
The panniculus carnosus is a part of the subcutaneous tissues in vertebrates. It is a layer of striated muscle deep to the panniculus adiposus. [1] In humans, the platysma muscle of the neck, palmaris brevis in the hand, and the dartos muscle in the scrotum are described as a discrete muscle of the panniculus carnosus. Some of the muscles of ...
Pannus is an abnormal layer of fibrovascular tissue or granulation tissue.Common sites for pannus formation include over the cornea, over a joint surface (as seen in rheumatoid arthritis), or on a prosthetic heart valve. [1]
Chronic superficial keratitis (CSK), also known as pannus or Uberreiter's disease, is an inflammatory condition of the cornea in dogs, particularly seen in the German Shepherd. Both eyes are usually affected. The corneas gradually become pigmented and infiltrated by blood vessels, and the dog may eventually become blind.
The panniculus (often incorrectly referred to as pannus) [1] is a dense layer of fatty tissue consisting of excess subcutaneous fat within the lower abdominal region. [2] Panniculi can form after rapid weight loss, as seen with strict exercise plans—in this case, the abdominal fat is successfully reduced, but excess skin is left behind which ...
Canine cardiac scare prompts dog owner to warn others about key sign of cardiac arrest in dogs. Adam England. February 8, 2025 at 5:25 AM.
For example, a dog exhibiting the scratch reflex is an example of knismesis. When stimulated in the saddle region, most dogs will exhibit a reflexive rhythmic twitching of their hind legs. This reflex can be brought on by actions such as scratching, brushing, stroking, or even tapping the sensitive area.
The study abstract notes that dogs' responses showed "higher levels of behaviors associated with increased arousal and negative emotional states and vocalized more in response to crying compared ...