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Formers are typically attached to longerons, which support the skin of the aircraft. The "former-and-longeron" technique (also called stations and stringers) was adopted from boat construction , [ 2 ] and was typical of light aircraft built until the advent of structural skins , such as fiberglass and other composite materials .
In an aircraft fuselage, stringers are attached to formers (also called frames) [3] and run in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft. They are primarily responsible for transferring the aerodynamic loads acting on the skin onto the frames and formers.
As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where many identical aircraft are to be produced. Early examples of this type include the Douglas Aircraft DC-2 and DC-3 civil aircraft and the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. Most metal light aircraft are constructed ...
The British ARV Super2 light aircraft has a fuselage constructed mainly of aluminium alloy, but with some fibreglass elements. The cockpit is a stiff monocoque of "Supral" alloy, but aft of the cockpit bulkhead, the ARV is conventionally built, with frames, longerons and stressed skin forming a semi-monocoque.
List of United States Air Force aircraft designations (1919–1962) List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962) List of United States Army aircraft designations (1956–1962) List of United States Tri-Service aircraft designations; List of U.S. DoD aircraft designations; List of undesignated military aircraft of the United States
Aileron – is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. Ailerons are used in pairs to control the aircraft in roll (or movement around the aircraft's longitudinal axis), which normally results in a change in flight path due to the tilting of the lift vector. Movement around ...
The White House, in coordination with the FBI and state and local officials, examined roughly 5,000 sightings, and their analysis concludes that "lawful, legal, commercial hobbyist and even law ...
Wing ribs of a de Havilland DH.60 Moth. In an aircraft, ribs are forming elements of the airframe structure of a wing, especially in traditional construction.. By analogy with the anatomical definition of "rib", the ribs attach to the main spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals, form a skeletal shape for the wing.