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Patients with aberrant c-Met activity usually have a poor prognosis, aggressive disease, increased metastasis and shortened survival. [10] This is why targeting the HGF/c-MET signalling pathway has been untaken as a treatment for cancer, [10] [13] and several different therapeutic
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF receptor) [5] [6] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MET gene.The protein possesses tyrosine kinase activity. [7] The primary single chain precursor protein is post-translationally cleaved to produce the alpha and beta subunits, which are disulfide linked to form the mature receptor.
The most commonly used treatment methods for breast cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. [2] Some of these treated patients experience disease relapse and metastasis. The aggressive progression and recurrence of this disease has been attributed the presence of a subset of tumor cells known as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).
Hepatocyte growth factor regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis by activating a tyrosine kinase signaling cascade after binding to the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor. [6] [7] Hepatocyte growth factor is secreted by platelets, [8] and mesenchymal cells and acts as a multi-functional cytokine on cells of mainly epithelial origin.
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
The fixed-dose combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and hyaluronidase was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2020. [5] [10]The FDA's approval was based on the results of a non-inferiority study in participants with HER2-positive early breast cancer, which demonstrated the fixed-dose combination of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and hyaluronidase had comparable efficacy and ...
Pertuzumab is administered as an intravenous infusion in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as a first line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. [4] [3] It is also used in the same combination as a neoadjuvant (given to reduce the size of a tumor, prior to surgery or radiation) for HER2-positive early breast cancer; as of 2016 this use had not been shown to increase ...
Tucatinib is a kinase inhibitor indicated in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine for the treatment of adults with advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, including those with brain metastases, who have received one or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting. [3]
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