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People experiencing amnesia as a side effect of midazolam are generally unaware their memory is impaired, unless they had previously known it as a side effect. [43] Long-term use of benzodiazepines has been associated with long-lasting deficits in memory, and show only partial recovery six months after stopping benzodiazepines. [16]
Usual doses for midazolam are 1 mg to 2 mg where the older people receive smaller doses and obese people receive higher doses. Midazolam is metabolized in the liver and is excreted through the kidneys. [9] When midazolam is used alone, it has few side effects, but can cause respiratory depression if being used together with fentanyl. [8]
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic.It is 30 to 50 times more potent than heroin and 100 times more potent than morphine; [10] its primary clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgeries.
A standard coinduction regimen for an adult might consist of a benzodiazepine sedative amnesic such as midazolam, followed by an opioid analgesic with further sedating properties such as fentanyl which has a fast onset, then an intravenous induction agent: propofol.
Amnesia is desirable during surgery, so general anaesthesia procedures are designed to induce it for the duration of the operation. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety disorders, can reduce the encoding of new memories, particularly in high doses (for example, prior to surgery in order for a person not to recall the surgery). [2]
Another fentanyl bust: Busted Volusia drug gang was mixing dangerous animal tranquilizer with fentanyl, police say Mixing fentanyl with other drugs is nothing new; authorities have alerted to it ...
Chest wall. Wooden chest syndrome is a rigidity of the chest following the administration of high doses of opioids during anesthesia [1]. [1]Wooden chest syndrome describes marked muscle rigidity — especially involving the thoracic and abdominal muscles — that is an occasional adverse effect associated with the intravenous administration of lipophilic synthetic opioids such as fentanyl [2].
Twilight anesthesia is applied to various types of medical procedures and surgeries. It is a popular choice among surgeons and doctors who are performing anything from minor plastic surgeries to dental work, and procedures that do not require extensive operations or long durations in favor of less nausea and a limited recovery period after surgery.