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In contrast, tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency and may be treated before imaging – especially if there is severe hypoxia, very low blood pressure, or an impaired level of consciousness. In tension pneumothorax, X-rays are sometimes required if there is doubt about the anatomical location of the pneumothorax. [16] [18]
Left-sided tension pneumothorax. Note the area without lung markings which is air in the pleural space. Also note the tracheal and mediastinal shift from the patient's left to right. Causes include any obstruction of blood flow to and from the heart. There are multiple, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and tension pneumothorax.
Obstructive shock may be due to cardiac tamponade or a tension pneumothorax. [1] Distributive shock may be due to sepsis, anaphylaxis, injury to the upper spinal cord, or certain overdoses. [1] [4] The diagnosis is generally based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. [2]
Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity", and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of its distinct ...
Tension pneumothorax is an emergent condition in which air gets trapped in the space between the chest wall and the lung. This space is referred to as the pleural space. Because air can't escape from this space, the air pocket grows larger and larger, resulting in the lung collapse closest to the pneumothorax.
Rapid onset cardiac tamponade may also appear similar to pleural effusions, obstructive shock, shock, pulmonary embolism, and tension pneumothorax. [13] [10] If symptoms appeared more gradually, the differential diagnosis includes acute heart failure. [25] In a person with trauma presenting with pulseless electrical activity in the absence of ...
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Treatment aims to prevent respiratory failure and to ensure adequate blood oxygenation. [ 16 ] [ 23 ] Supplemental oxygen can be given and it may be warmed and humidified. [ 41 ] When the contusion does not respond to other treatments, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation may be used, pumping blood from the body into a machine that oxygenates ...