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The moralists aimed for objective and impartial observation freed from the preconceptions of their day. Their approach was never systematic. [4] The four principal moralists and their main works are: François de La Rochefoucauld, Réflexions ou sentences et maximes morales (1665) Jean de La Bruyère, Caractères ou les moeurs de ce siècle (1688)
A simple graphic depicting survey data from the United States intended to support moral foundations theory [citation needed]. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion is a 2012 social psychology book by Jonathan Haidt, in which the author describes human morality as it relates to politics and religion.
The theory has been developed by a diverse group of collaborators and popularized in Haidt's book The Righteous Mind. [7] The theory proposes that morality is "more than one thing", first arguing for five foundations, and later expanding for six foundations (adding Liberty/Oppression): Care/harm; Fairness/cheating; Loyalty/betrayal; Authority ...
Virtue ethics (also aretaic ethics, [a] [1] from Greek ἀρετή ) is a philosophical approach that treats virtue and character as the primary subjects of ethics, in contrast to other ethical systems that put consequences of voluntary acts, principles or rules of conduct, or obedience to divine authority in the primary role.
The Right and the Good is a 1930 book by the Scottish philosopher David Ross.In it, Ross develops a deontological pluralism based on prima facie duties.Ross defends a realist position about morality and an intuitionist position about moral knowledge.
Virtue ethics is a form of ethical theory which emphasizes the character of an agent, rather than specific acts; many of its proponents have criticised Kant's deontological approach to ethics. Elizabeth Anscombe criticised modern ethical theories, including Kantian ethics, for their obsession with law and obligation. [ 86 ]
Jean Piaget developed two phases of moral development, one common among children and the other common among adults. The first is known as the Heteronomous Phase. [7] This phase, more common among children, is characterized by the idea that rules come from authority figures in one's life such as parents, teachers, and God. [7]
In a teleological approach, "how one is to act" is related to the ultimate end which is again established by the faith. See also Virtue Ethics; In a dialogical approach, morality follows the pattern of faith directly, the "how one is to act" is related to an encounter with God through faith. [20] Moral living is response to the Logos or Word of ...