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The Avangard (Russian: Авангард, "Vanguard"; previously known as Objekt 4202, Yu-71 and Yu-74) is a Russian hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV). It can be carried as a multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) payload of heavy intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), such as the UR-100UTTKh, [6] [7] R-36M2 and RS-28 Sarmat.
It is the first hypersonic weapon used in combat. [8] It has been deployed at airbases in Russia's Southern Military District and Western Military District. [9] [10] The Kinzhal entered service in December 2017 and was one of the six new Russian strategic weapons unveiled by Russian President Vladimir Putin in March 2018. [11]
The Silbervogel was the first design for a hypersonic weapon and was developed by German scientists in the 1930s, but was never constructed. [6]In the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia was seen to have fielded operational weapons and used them for combat.
The Kinzhal entered service in December 2017. Two years later, Putin declared that it and other Russian hypersonic weapons proved that Russia was leading the world in hypersonic capability.
It is believed that Russia first used the hypersonic weapon in support of Bashar Assad during the Syrian civil war in 2016, although it has not been confirmed if it was the exact Kinzhal model.
Ukraine claims it has evidence Russia fired an advanced hypersonic missile – one that experts say is almost impossible to shoot down – for the first time in the almost 2-year-old war.
The "super weapons" named were: The Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle; The 9M730 Burevestnik nuclear-powered cruise missile; The 3M22 Zircon scramjet-powered anti-ship hypersonic cruise missile; The Kh-47M2 Kinzhal hypersonic air-launched ballistic missile; The Poseidon unmanned underwater vehicle; The RS-28 Sarmat liquid-fueled, MIRV-equipped ...
The Pentagon said the Oreshnik was an experimental type of intermediate-range ballistic missile, or IRBM, based on Russia's RS-26 Rubezh intercontinental ballistic missile, or ICBM. The attack marked the first time such a weapon was used in a war. Intermediate-range missiles can fly between 500 to 5,500 kilometers (310 to 3,400 miles).