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Paul Sabatier (1854-1941) winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 and discoverer of the reaction in 1897. The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process produces methane and water from a reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (optimally 300–400 °C) and pressures (perhaps 3 MPa [1]) in the presence of a nickel catalyst.
Methanation is the conversion of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide (CO x) to methane (CH 4) through hydrogenation. The methanation reactions of CO x were first discovered by Sabatier and Senderens in 1902. [1] CO x methanation has many practical applications.
Periana's group was also able to convert methane into acetic acid using similar conditions to the Catalytica system. Palladium(II) salts were used in this process, and the products formed were a mixture of methanol and acetic acid, along with side products of carbon monoxide and possibly carbon dioxide due to over-oxidation. [7]
The mechanism for the conversion of CH 3 –S bond into methane involves a ternary complex of the enzyme, with the substituents forming a structure α 2 β 2 γ 2 . Within the complex, methyl coenzyme M and coenzyme B fit into a channel terminated by the axial site on nickel of the cofactor F430 . [ 6 ]
One challenge is that methanol is more easily oxidized than is methane. [3] Catalytic oxidation with oxygen or air is a major application of green chemistry. There are however many oxidations that cannot be achieved so straightforwardly. The conversion of propylene to propylene oxide is typically effected using hydrogen peroxide, not oxygen or air.
The combustion process occurs as the volatile products and some of the char react with oxygen to primarily form carbon dioxide and small amounts of carbon monoxide, which provides heat for the subsequent gasification reactions. Letting C represent a carbon-containing organic compound, the basic reaction here is C + O 2 → CO 2.
[1] [2] Synthesis gas is conventionally produced via the steam reforming reaction or coal gasification. In recent years, increased concerns on the contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming have increased interest in the replacement of steam as reactant with carbon dioxide. [3] The dry reforming reaction may be represented by:
In carbon fixation, plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, from which many biosynthetic pathways originate. The catalyst responsible for this conversion, RuBisCO, is the most common protein. Some anaerobic organisms employ enzymes to convert CO 2 to carbon monoxide, from which fatty acids can be made. [11]