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  2. Comparison of data-serialization formats - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_data...

    For example, PKIX uses such notation in RFC 5912. With such notation (constraints on parameterized types using information object sets), generic ASN.1 tools/libraries can automatically encode/decode/resolve references within a document. ^ The primary format is binary, a json encoder is available. [10]

  3. String interning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning

    String interning also reduces memory usage if there are many instances of the same string value; for instance, it is read from a network or from storage. Such strings may include magic numbers or network protocol information. For example, XML parsers may intern names of tags and attributes to save memory.

  4. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.

  5. Snowflake ID - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowflake_ID

    Twitter uses snowflake IDs for tweets, direct messages, users, lists, and all other objects available over the API. [7] Discord also uses snowflakes, with their epoch set to the first second of the year 2015. [3] Instagram uses a modified version of the format, with 41 bits for a timestamp, 13 bits for a shard ID, and 10 bits for a sequence ...

  6. Universally unique identifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universally_unique_identifier

    Version 1 concatenates the 48-bit MAC address of the "node" (that is, the computer generating the UUID), with a 60-bit timestamp, being the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since midnight 15 October 1582 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the date on which the Gregorian calendar was first adopted by the bulk of Europe.

  7. Time formatting and storage bugs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_formatting_and...

    On 5 January 1975, the 12-bit field that had been used for dates in the TOPS-10 operating system for DEC PDP-10 computers overflowed, in a bug known as "DATE75". The field value was calculated by taking the number of years since 1964, multiplying by 12, adding the number of months since January, multiplying by 31, and adding the number of days since the start of the month; putting 2 12 − 1 ...

  8. Timestamp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timestamp

    A distinction is sometimes made between the terms datestamp, timestamp and date-timestamp: Datestamp or DS: A date, for example 2024-12-19 according to ISO 8601; Timestamp or TS: A time of day, for example 21:02:52 using 24-hour clock; Date-timestamp or DTS: Date and time, for example 2024-12-19, 21:02:52

  9. Python (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)

    Python uses the + operator for string concatenation. Python uses the * operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times. The @ infix operator is intended to be used by libraries such as NumPy for matrix multiplication. [103] [104] The syntax :=, called the "walrus operator", was introduced in Python 3.8. It assigns values to ...