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A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics. The word gauge means a measurement, a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition). [1]
The concept and the name of gauge theory derives from the work of Hermann Weyl in 1918. [1] Weyl, in an attempt to generalize the geometrical ideas of general relativity to include electromagnetism, conjectured that Eichinvarianz or invariance under the change of scale (or "gauge") might also be a local symmetry of general relativity.
Consider a generic (possibly non-Abelian) gauge transformation acting on a component field = =.The main examples in field theory have a compact gauge group and we write the symmetry operator as () = where () is an element of the Lie algebra associated with the Lie group of symmetry transformations, and can be expressed in terms of the hermitian generators of the Lie algebra (i.e. up to a ...
This article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson.
Seiberg–Witten theory; Six-dimensional holomorphic Chern–Simons theory; Slavnov–Taylor identities; Soft photon; Stable Yang–Mills connection; Stable Yang–Mills–Higgs pair; Stueckelberg action; Supersymmetric gauge theory; Synthetic gauge field
The ability to vary the gauge potential at different points in space and time (by changing (,)) without changing the physics is called a local invariance. Electromagnetic theory possess the simplest kind of local gauge symmetry called () (see unitary group). A theory that displays local gauge invariance is called a gauge theory.
The first gauge model of gravity was suggested by Ryoyu Utiyama (1916–1990) in 1956 [1] just two years after birth of the gauge theory itself. [2] However, the initial attempts to construct the gauge theory of gravity by analogy with the gauge models of internal symmetries encountered a problem of treating general covariant transformations and establishing the gauge status of a pseudo ...
In physics, a gauge principle specifies a procedure for obtaining an interaction term from a free Lagrangian which is symmetric with respect to a continuous symmetry—the results of localizing (or gauging) the global symmetry group must be accompanied by the inclusion of additional fields (such as the electromagnetic field), with appropriate kinetic and interaction terms in the action, in ...