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Melena is a form of blood in stool which refers to the dark black, tarry feces that are commonly associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. [1] The black color and characteristic strong odor are caused by hemoglobin in the blood being altered by digestive enzymes and intestinal bacteria. [2]
Blood in stool looks different depending on how early it enters the digestive tract—and thus how much digestive action it has been exposed to—and how much there is. The term can refer either to melena, with a black appearance, typically originating from upper gastrointestinal bleeding; or to hematochezia, with a red color, typically originating from lower gastrointestinal bleeding. [6]
Digested blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract may appear black rather than red, resulting in "coffee ground" vomit or melena. [2] Other signs and symptoms include feeling tired, dizziness, and pale skin color. [18] A number of foods and medications can turn the stool either red or black in the absence of bleeding. [2]
Metformin is an oral medication commonly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. Experts explain how to know if the drug is working or not.
Diarrhea is a well-known side effect of metformin. Learn more about why this gut-related side effect happens and how to manage it.
Taking metformin with food can reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, so try taking it with the same meal each day. If you take one metformin tablet a day, it’s usually recommended ...
Blood may be observed in vomit or in altered form as black stool. Depending on the amount of the blood loss, symptoms may include shock. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by peptic ulcers, gastric erosions, esophageal varices, and rarer causes such as gastric cancer.
Metformin — a biguanide — is an oral diabetes medication that helps keep blood sugar in check by causing the liver to produce less glucose. It was approved by the FDA in 1994 for the treatment ...
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