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In supravital staining, living cells have been removed from an organism, whereas intravital staining is done by injecting or otherwise introducing the stain into the body. The term vital stain is used by some authors to refer to an intravital stain, and by others interchangeably with a supravital stain, the core concept being that the cell ...
Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.
Ciliary flush (circumcorneal injection) Corneal abnormalities including edema or opacities ("corneal haze") Corneal staining; Pupil abormalities including abormal pupil size; Abnormal intraocular pressure; Severe pain; The most useful is a smaller pupil in the red eye than the non-red eye (opposite eye) and sensitivity to bright light. [2]
Vital methylene blue was formerly much used for examining the innervation of muscle, skin and internal organs. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] [ 30 ] The mechanism of selective dye uptake is incompletely understood; vital staining of nerve fibers in skin is prevented by ouabain , a drug that inhibits the Na/K-ATPase of cell membranes.
In anatomy the term reticuloendothelial system (abbreviated RES), often associated nowadays with the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), was employed by the beginning of the 20th century to denote a system of specialised cells that effectively clear colloidal vital stains (so called because they stain living cells) from the blood circulation.
The term "vital stain" is used by some authors to refer specifically to an intravital stain, and by others interchangeably with a supravital stain, the core concept being that the cell being examined is still alive. As the cells are alive and unfixed, outside the body, supravital stains are temporary in nature.
Effects such as anaphylactic shock, hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnea and urticaria only occurred in individual cases; the risk of severe side-effects rises in patients with chronic kidney impairment. [14] The frequencies of mild, moderate and severe side-effects were only 0.15%, 0.2% and 0.05%; the rate of deaths is 1:333,333.
The main difference between SUNCT and SUNA is the clinical presentation of the secondary autonomic symptoms. In SUNCT, both conjunctival injection (red eyes) and lacrimation on the same side of the headache should be present. In SUNA, one or both of these two symptoms are absent, and other autonomic symptoms may be present instead.
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