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Chemisorption is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate. New chemical bonds are generated at the adsorbent surface. Examples include macroscopic phenomena that can be very obvious, like corrosion [clarification needed], and subtler effects associated with heterogeneous catalysis, where the catalyst and reactants are in different pha
The exact nature of the bonding depends on the details of the species involved, but the adsorption process is generally classified as physisorption (characteristic of weak van der Waals forces) or chemisorption (characteristic of covalent bonding). It may also occur due to electrostatic attraction.
Typical energies for physisorption are from 3 to 10 kcal/mol. [2] In heterogeneous catalysis, when a reactant molecule physisorbs to a catalyst, it is commonly said to be in a precursor state, an intermediate energy state before chemisorption, a more strongly bound adsorption. [6]
Gas–liquid absorption (a) and liquid–solid adsorption (b) mechanism. Blue spheres are solute molecules. Sorption is a physical and chemical process by which one substance becomes attached to another.
Adsorbate molecules adsorb readily because they lower the surface free-energy of the substrate [1] and are stable due to the strong chemisorption of the "head groups." These bonds create monolayers that are more stable than the physisorbed bonds of Langmuir–Blodgett films.
He hypothesized that a given surface has a certain number of equivalent sites to which a species can "stick", either by physisorption or chemisorption. His theory began when he postulated that gaseous molecules do not rebound elastically from a surface, but are held by it in a similar way to groups of molecules in solid bodies.
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BET model of multilayer adsorption, that is, a random distribution of sites covered by one, two, three, etc., adsorbate molecules. The concept of the theory is an extension of the Langmuir theory, which is a theory for monolayer molecular adsorption, to multilayer adsorption with the following hypotheses: