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  2. Absence of good - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absence_of_good

    The absence of good (Latin: privatio boni), also known as the privation theory of evil, [1] is a theological and philosophical doctrine that evil, unlike good, is insubstantial, so that thinking of it as an entity is misleading. Instead, evil is rather the absence, or lack ("privation"), of good.

  3. Chrysippus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysippus

    In response to the question of how evil could exist in a good universe, Chrysippus replied "evil cannot be removed, nor is it well that it should be removed." [ 92 ] Firstly, he argued, following Plato , that it was impossible for good to exist without evil, for justice could not be known without injustice, courage without cowardice, temperance ...

  4. Religious responses to the problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_responses_to_the...

    An omniscient, wholly good being would prevent the occurrence of any intense suffering it could, unless it could not do so without thereby losing some greater good or permitting some evil equally bad or worse. (Therefore) There does not exist an omnipotent, omniscient, wholly good being. [2] Another by Paul Draper: Gratuitous evils exist.

  5. Problem of Hell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell

    In Islamic thought, evil is considered to be movement away from good, and God created this possibility so that humans are able to recognize good. [43] In contrast, angels are unable to move away from good, therefore angels generally rank lower than humans as they have reached heaven because they lack the ability to perceive the world as humans do.

  6. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    One resolution to the problem of evil is that God is not good. The evil God challenge thought experiment explores whether an evil God is as likely to exist as a good God. Dystheism is the belief that God is not wholly good. Maltheism is the belief in an evil god. Peter Forrest has stated:

  7. Good and evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_and_evil

    Proposition 8 "Knowledge of good or evil is nothing but affect of joy or sorrow in so far as we are conscious of it." Proposition 30 "Nothing can be evil through that which it possesses in common with our nature, but in so far as a thing is evil to us it is contrary to us." Proposition 64 "The knowledge of evil is inadequate knowledge."

  8. Secular morality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_morality

    Secular humanism focuses on the way human beings can lead happy and functional lives. It posits that human beings are capable of being ethical and moral without religion or God, it neither assumes humans to be inherently evil or innately good, nor presents humans as "above nature" or superior to it. Rather, the humanist life stance emphasizes ...

  9. Dystheism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystheism

    Dystheism as a concept, although often not labeled as such, has been referred to in many aspects of popular culture.As stated before, related ideas date back many decades, with the Victorian era figure Algernon Charles Swinburne writing in his work Anactoria about the ancient Greek poet Sappho and her lover Anactoria in explicitly dystheistic imagery that includes cannibalism and sadomasochism.