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Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:; 30 March 1811 [a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist.He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [11]
The dates indicate the true age of the minerals only if the rocks have not been subsequently altered (see rubidium–strontium dating). [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Rubidium-82 , one of the element's non-natural isotopes, is produced by electron-capture decay of strontium-82 with a half-life of 25.36 days.
Prepared and isolated from urine, it was the first element whose discovery date and discoverer are recorded. [53] Its name first appears in print in the work of Georg Kaspar Kirchmayer in 1676. Recognised as an element by Lavoisier. [1] 1 Hydrogen: 1671 R. Boyle: 1671 R. Boyle Robert Boyle produced it by reacting iron filings with dilute acid.
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
One milestone was the discovery of the geometrical law of crystallization by René Just Haüy, a further development of the work by Nicolas Steno and Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle (the characterisation of a crystalline mineral needs knowledge on crystallography).
The exploration of the Americas includes: Exploration of North America. Age of Discovery § Exploring North America; Timeline of the European colonization of North America; Colonial history of the United States; Exploration of South America. Age of Discovery#Inland Spanish expeditions (1519–1532) European colonization of the Americas
Since the discovery of the New World, various authors have tried to link the Brendan legend with an early discovery of America. In 1977, the voyage was successfully recreated by Tim Severin using a replica of an ancient Irish currach. [146] According to a British myth, Madoc was a prince from Wales who explored the Americas as early as 1170 ...
Discovery of the new elements was documented in a letter to the Royal Society on June 21, 1804. [ 46 ] [ 52 ] Uranium and osmium were early successful catalysts in the Haber process , the nitrogen fixation reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia , giving enough yield to make the process economically successful.