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  2. Polar coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_coordinate_system

    Polar coordinates are used often in navigation as the destination or direction of travel can be given as an angle and distance from the object being considered. For instance, aircraft use a slightly modified version of the polar coordinates for navigation. In this system, the one generally used for any sort of navigation, the 0° ray is ...

  3. Pole and polar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_and_polar

    Conversely, the polar line (or polar) of a point Q in a circle C is the line L such that its closest point P to the center of the circle is the inversion of Q in C. If a point A lies on the polar line q of another point Q, then Q lies on the polar line a of A. More generally, the polars of all the points on the line q must pass through its pole Q.

  4. Coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_system

    Another common coordinate system for the plane is the polar coordinate system. [7] A point is chosen as the pole and a ray from this point is taken as the polar axis. For a given angle θ, there is a single line through the pole whose angle with the polar axis is θ (measured counterclockwise from the axis to the line).

  5. Spherical coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system

    In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a given point in space is specified by three real numbers: the radial distance r along the radial line connecting the point to the fixed point of origin; the polar angle θ between the radial line and a given polar axis; [a ...

  6. Complex plane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_plane

    The multiplication of two complex numbers can be expressed more easily in polar coordinates: the magnitude or modulus of the product is the product of the two absolute values, or moduli, and the angle or argument of the product is the sum of the two angles, or arguments. In particular, multiplication by a complex number of modulus 1 acts as a ...

  7. Latitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude

    The geocentric latitude θ is the complement of the polar angle or colatitude θ′ in conventional spherical polar coordinates in which the coordinates of a point are P(r,θ′,λ) where r is the distance of P from the centre O, θ′ is the angle between the radius vector and the polar axis and λ is longitude.

  8. The Polar Vortex Explained

    www.aol.com/news/polar-vortex-explained...

    The polar vortex is a whirling cone of low pressure over the poles that's strongest in the winter months due to the increased temperature contrast between the polar regions and the mid-latitudes ...

  9. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

    A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.