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Until 2005 Brazil was the world's top producer of ethanol fuel when it was surpassed by the United States. Together both countries were responsible in 2011 for 87.1% of the world's ethanol fuel production. [1] In 2009 Brazil produced 27.5 billion liters (7.26 billion U.S. liquid gallons), [13] representing 35.9% of the world's total ethanol ...
As of May 2021, what is being proposed in a cluster of pipes to carry various petroleum products including (a) petrol (b) jet fuel (c) diesel (d) kerosene and (e) liquid petroleum gas (LPG). [7] The Lobito Refinery is expected to have capacity of 200,000 bbl/day, of which 100,000 bbl/day of distillate will be allocated to Zambia, through this ...
The return on investment (ROI) to upgrade a service station to sell E15 is quick given today's markets. Given ethanol's discount to gasoline and the current value of RINs, retailers offering mid-level ethanol blends like E15 can quickly recoup their investments in infrastructure.
Location of Zambia. The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, [1] neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, in the south
Concerns about rising gasoline prices and outside energy dependence led to a resurgence of interest in E85 fuel at the turn of the 21st century; for example, Nebraska mandated the use of E85 in state vehicles whenever possible in May 2005. Similarly, whereas selling any fuel containing more than 10% ethanol is currently illegal in some states ...
When the refinery was established in 1973, it was owned and managed by Indeni Petroleum Refinery Company Limited, a 50/50 joint venture between the government of Zambia and Eni, the Italian energy conglomerate, through their subsidiary Agip Zambia. Under the terms of the joint venture, Eni was responsible for the management of the refinery. [4]
Ethanol fuel has a "gasoline gallon equivalency" (GGE) value of 1.5, i.e. to replace the energy of 1 volume of gasoline, 1.5 times the volume of ethanol is needed. [4] [5] Ethanol-blended fuel is widely used in Brazil, the United States, Canada, and Europe (see also Ethanol fuel by country). [2]
Over the subsequent decades, Zambia's economy contracted, in part due to declining copper prices. [22] Since the 2000s, Zambia's economy has been growing. [22] As of 2019, Zambia's GDP per capita (current international dollars) stands at $1,305.00. Zambia is one of Sub-Saharan Africa's most urbanized countries. About one-half of the country's ...