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Such spread typically results in Troisier's sign, which is the finding of an enlarged, hard Virchow's node. [1] The left supraclavicular nodes are the classical Virchow's node because they receive lymphatic drainage of most of the body (from the thoracic duct) and enters the venous circulation via the left subclavian vein. The metastasis may ...
Lymph nodes may become enlarged in malignant disease. This cervical lymphadenopathy may be reactive or metastatic. [1] Alternatively, enlarged lymph nodes may represent a primary malignancy of the lymphatic system itself, such as lymphoma (both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's), [6] lymphocytic leukemia, [1] Lymphadenopathy that lasts less than two weeks or more than one year with no progressive ...
The classification of the cervical lymph nodes is generally attributed to Henri Rouvière in his 1932 publication "Anatomie des Lymphatiques de l'Homme" [6] [7] Rouviere described the cervical lymph nodes as a collar which surrounded the upper aerodigestive tract, consisting of submental, facial, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital and retropharyngeal nodes, together with two chains ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common cause of both pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. [1] [6] Historically, transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from dairy consumption was another frequent cause of tuberculous lymphadenitis, but incidence has drastically decreased in developed countries since the advent of pasteurization and other efforts to prevent bovine ...
They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. [1] Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. [2] Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. [4] It is possible to have several lipomas. [3] The cause is generally unclear. [1] Risk factors include family history, obesity, and lack of exercise.
The supraclavicular fossa is an indentation (fossa) immediately above the clavicle. In terminologia anatomica, it is divided into fossa supraclavicularis major and fossa supraclavicularis minor. Fullness in the supraclavicular fossa can be a sign of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis.
Sometimes this vessel rises as high as 4 cm. above the clavicle; occasionally, it passes in front of the Scalenus anterior, or pierces the fibers of that muscle. The subclavian vein lies behind the clavicle, and is not usually seen in this space; but in some cases it rises as high as the artery, and has even been seen to pass with that vessel ...
Thyroglossal cyst usually presents as a midline neck lump (in the region of the hyoid bone) that is usually painless, smooth and cystic, though if infected, pain can occur. There may be difficulty breathing, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), or dyspepsia (discomfort in the upper abdomen), especially if the cyst becomes large.