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Eveningness (delayed sleep period; most active and alert in the evening) and morningness (advanced sleep period; most active and alert in the morning) are the two extremes with most individuals having some flexibility in the timing of their sleep period. However, across development there are changes in the propensity of the sleep period with ...
Free-running sleep is a rare sleep pattern whereby the sleep schedule of a person shifts later every day. [1] It occurs as the sleep disorder non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder or artificially as part of experiments used in the study of circadian and other rhythms in biology .
The circadian rhythm provides a person with a signal for when to sleep and when to wake up. [43] If circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle are misaligned, this might lead to negative affect and emotional instability. [44] It has been found that emotions vary depending on the circadian rhythm and the duration of how long one was awake. [45]
The wake-sleep algorithm [1] is an unsupervised learning algorithm for deep generative models, especially Helmholtz Machines. [2] The algorithm is similar to the expectation-maximization algorithm , [ 3 ] and optimizes the model likelihood for observed data. [ 4 ]
The term polyphasic sleep was first used in the early 20th century by psychologist J. S. Szymanski, who observed daily fluctuations in activity patterns. [2] It does not imply any particular sleep schedule. The circadian rhythm disorder known as irregular sleep-wake syndrome is an example of polyphasic sleep in
One of the important questions in sleep research is clearly defining the sleep state. This problem arises because sleep was traditionally defined as a state of consciousness and not as a physiological state, [14] [15] thus there was no clear definition of what minimum set of events constitute sleep and distinguish it from other states of partial or no consciousness.
A survey notes that 42% of U.S. adults struggle with sleep issues during the holiday season. Spending the holidays in someone else’s home or experiencing a change in a normal wake/sleep routine ...
The response rate to sleep deprivation is generally agreed to be approximately 40-60%. A 2017 meta-analysis of 66 sleep studies with partial or total sleep deprivation in the treatment of depression found that the overall response rate (immediate relief of symptoms) to total sleep deprivation was 50.4% of individuals, and the response rate to partial sleep deprivation was 53.1% [3] In 2009, a ...