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A woman is diagnosed with gestational diabetes when glucose intolerance continues beyond 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. The White classification, named after Priscilla White, [6] who pioneered research on the effect of diabetes types on perinatal outcome, is widely used to assess maternal and fetal risk. [7]
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
It is also inversely related to the gestational age at first exposure. The comorbidities associated with pregestational type 2 diabetes include advanced maternal age, lipid peroxidation and obesity. [5] Overweight women (BMI ≥ 25) who develop gestational diabetes have an intermediate risk for malformations. Pregnant women who have gestational ...
Sometimes other treatments and measures are recommended, depending on factors related to the "gestational age and health of the baby, overall health and age of the mother, and after a careful ...
Problems in future pregnancies (such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, C-section delivery and stillbirth) ... A 2019 study looked at 370 mothers who breastfed their babies for at ...
While some complications improve or are fully resolved after pregnancy, some may lead to lasting effects, morbidity, or in the most severe cases, maternal or fetal mortality. [1] [2] [3] Common complications of pregnancy include anemia, gestational diabetes, infections, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.
Metabolic imprinting refers to the long-term physiological and metabolic effects that an offspring's prenatal and postnatal environments have on them. [1] Perinatal nutrition has been identified as a significant factor in determining an offspring's likelihood of it being predisposed to developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes amongst other conditions.
The effect of pregnancy on platelet count is unclear, with some studies demonstrating a mild decline in platelet count and other studies that show no effect. [24] The white blood cell count increases with occasional appearance of myelocytes or metamyelocytes in the blood. [24] During labor, there is a rise in leukocyte count.
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